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Measures
Page
Last Updated:
04/28/2008
Standard Reporting
Guidelines
See
Data Sharing policies.
Summary Measurement Table
Measures/Construct
Grid - This grid is a graphic cross-site
comparison of populations, constructs, and
measures. Please contact
Chris Kaunas for any needed
updates or corrections.
Cross-Site
Measures
Outcomes/Quality of
Life
Depression
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies
Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item
instrument developed by the National
Institute of Mental Health to measure the
frequency and severity of symptoms of
depression in the general population. In
recent years, shorter versions of the CES-D
have been described and validated. The
following 5-item instrument provides a brief
instrument to measure baseline depression
and change over time.
Physical Activity
It is useful to get a measure of
time spent in different types of activities
and to be able to get an assessment of
whether individuals are meeting public
health recommendations. See the P4H report
for a contrast of different measures. There
are pros and cons to each of the three most
used measures.
BRFSS - Physical Activity Questions
BRFSS CDC Website
BRFSS Measures
BRFSS Codebook
Dietary
Behaviors/Nutrition
The Behavior Change Consortium Nutrition
Working Group (BCC NWG) used a variety of
screeners to measure fruit/vegetable intake,
fat consumption, and stage of change. This
report provides a
summary of measures used in BCC NWG.
There are two NCI screeners:
Here is a quick 2-item screen for
fruit/vegetable intake:
Start the Conversation (STC) was
developed to facilitate the discussion of
diet behavior between the primary care
physician and patient.
Smoking
At a minimum we recommend determining if
someone smokes and if so, number of
cigarettes. The Society of Nicotine and
Tobacco Research has identified a highly
recommended set of measures for those
conducting cessation studies.
Alcohol/Substance Abuse
There are a few brief items that will
provide baseline assessments and track
changes over time.
Demographic Measures
The questions are based on CDC's national
health survey, the Behavioral Risk Factor
Surveillance System (BRFSS). If you want to
read more about BRFSS, the web address is
http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/index.htm.
There are interactive databases available on
the site that can be helpful to obtain
prevalence estimates for target populations
and recruitment.
Recommended Behavioral Measures
Prescription for Health
(P4H) Report
This manuscript is based on a report
which was prepared to address criteria for
selection of brief practical lifestyle
measures for use in clinical settings--or
any settings where a really short instrument
is needed for multi-behavioral assessment.
This report gives pros and cons of some of
the most widely used measures.
For additional and updated materials
related to these measures, please see
the Prescription for Health Website
at:
http://www.prescriptionforhealth.org/about/program.html
or contact investigators directly. Full
information about the range of "Starting
the Conversation assessments is
available at
http://www.ncpreventionpartners.org/
Practical and Relevant Self-Report
Measures of Patient Health Behaviors for
Primary Care Research
Mammography
Cost Measures
Other Scales
Recommended Checklist of
Items to Include
When Reporting a Clinical Trial
1. CONSORT statement
The CONSORT statement is an important
research tool that takes an evidence-based
approach to improve the quality of reports
of randomized trials. The statement is
available in several languages and has been
endorsed by prominent medical journals such
as The Lancet, Annals of Internal Medicine,
and the Journal of the American Medical
Association. Its critical value to
researchers, health care providers, peer
reviewers, and journal editors, and health
policy makers is the guarantee of integrity
in the reported results of research.
Key Reference:
Altman
DG, Schulz KF, Moher D, Egger M, Davidoff F,
Elbourne D, Gøtzsche PC, Lang T, for the
CONSORT group. The revised CONSORT statement
for reporting randomized trials: explanation
and elaboration. Annals of Internal Medicine
2001;134:663-694
See Consort Web Page
http://www.consort-statement.org/
2.
Evidence-Based Behavioral Medicine: What is
it and How Do We Achieve it
See
Davidson et. al. article in Annals of
Behavioral Medicine (2003; 26: 161-171)
for Consort Statement on Reporting and
Reviewing RCTs. Five additional
evidence-based Behavioral Medicine Specific
Guidelines are noted.
3. Addressing Study Reach and Translation
Seven additional items
are proposed to address
translation
issues and external validity.
See Glasgow, R.E.,
Lichtenstein, E., Marcus, A.C. (2003) Why
Don’t We See More Translation of Health
Promotion Research to Practice? Rethinking
the Efficacy to Effectiveness Transition.
American Journal of Public Health
93(8):1261-1267.
4. TREND Statement for
Non-Randomized Trials
AJPH has published the TREND statement for
non-randomized studies, which
is equivalent to the CONSORT statement for
randomized controlled trials.
Proposed Measures by PI (from
proposals)
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